What properties should tool materials have for precision machining?
What properties should tool materials have for precision machining?
In the process of mechanical machining, the process of cutting metal works under high cutting temperatures and intense friction conditions. Therefore, in the process of precision component machining, the length of tool life and cutting efficiency depend on the tool material, which determines the fundamental factor of tool cutting performance and has a great impact on efficiency, machining quality, machining cost, and tool durability.
The process performance of precision machining tool materials also has a significant impact on the manufacturing and grinding quality of the tool itself. Therefore, the cutting material of the tool needs to meet the following five requirements.
1、 High hardness: The hardness of the tool material needs to be higher than that of the workpiece material in order to cut metal, and the hardness at room temperature should reach 60HRC or above.
2、 High wear resistance: Wear resistance refers to the ability of tool materials to resist wear, and materials with higher hardness usually have better wear resistance.
3、 Sufficient strength and toughness: The tool material needs to have sufficient strength and toughness to ensure that the tool can withstand sufficient total cutting force, impact, and vibration during the normal cutting process of precision machining, thereby preventing tool chipping or brittle fracture.
4、 High heat resistance: Heat resistance, also known as hard heat resistance, refers to the ability of tool materials to maintain cutting performance at high temperatures. It is the main indicator for measuring the performance of tool materials.
5、 Good processability: In order to facilitate the production of cutting tools, it is required that the tools have good machinability and heat treatment process. Machinability mainly refers to cutting and welding performance. Heat treatment refers to small deformation, thin decarburization layer, and good hardenability during heat treatment.
